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''Vanessa'' is an American opera in three (originally four) acts by Samuel Barber, opus 32, with an original English libretto by Gian-Carlo Menotti. It was composed in 1956–1957 and was first performed at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City on January 15, 1958 under the baton of Dimitri Mitropoulos in a production designed by Cecil Beaton and directed by Menotti. Barber revised the opera in 1964, reducing the four acts to the three-act version most commonly performed today. ==Performance history== For the Met premiere, Sena Jurinac was contracted to sing the title role. However, she cancelled six weeks before the opening night and Eleanor Steber replaced her, making it her own for a long time. In the role of Erika, Vanessa's niece, was Rosalind Elias, then a young mezzo-soprano. Nicolai Gedda sang the lover Anatol, mezzo Regina Resnik sang the Baroness, Vanessa's mother, while bass, Giorgio Tozzi, sang the old doctor. The premiere "was an unqualified success with the audience and with many of the critics as well although they were somewhat qualified in their judgment. Of the final quintet, however, New York Times critic Howard Taubman said it is '...a full-blown set-piece that packs an emotional charge and that would be a credit to any composer anywhere today.' ".〔( "Samuel Barber and ''Vanessa'' " from operapaedia.com ), a website of the San Diego Opera〕 Other reports substantiate this〔("A grand romance" ) Tim Ashley, ''The Guardian'' (London), November 14, 2003〕 and it won Barber the Pulitzer Prize. In Europe, however, it met with a chillier reception.〔 The Met's Cecil Beaton sets were destroyed by fire in 1973 and, after a long period of few revivals, one being in 1988 by the Opera Theatre of Saint Louis, the Washington National Opera (in a co-production with the Dallas Opera) revived the work in 1995 using the 1964 revised and more compact version. Elizabeth Holleque sang the title role.〔(Alex Ross, "OPERA REVIEW; Barber's ''Vanessa,'' Long Neglected, Is Revived ", ''The New York Times'', January 16th 1995 )〕 Kiri Te Kanawa sang the title role in three revivals, the first of which was presented by the Opéra de Monte-Carlo in 2001 and the last two in 2004 (at the time, described as her farewell to the opera stage), at the Washington National Opera and at the Los Angeles Opera. In all three productions, Rosalind Elias, who sang Erika in the 1958 premiere, took on the role of the Baroness. For its 50th anniversary revival by the New York City Opera in November 2007, she was once more featured in that role, with Lauren Flanagan taking the title role. Highlights from the score include the soprano scena and aria ''He has come, he has come!...Do Not Utter a Word'' (recorded by Leontyne Price and Renée Fleming), the mezzo aria ''Must the Winter Come So Soon?'' (recorded by Denyce Graves), and the last-act quintet, ''To Leave, to Break''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vanessa (opera)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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